@import url('/research-source-images.css');
/* Two homepage families: Instrument Serif for display, Raleway for reading and controls. */
html:root body.research-site{--ab-sans:'Raleway',Arial,sans-serif;--ab-body:'Raleway',Arial,sans-serif;--fp-font-body:'Raleway',Arial,sans-serif;--fp-font-display:'Raleway',Arial,sans-serif;--research-ink:#0c2340;--research-muted:#526273;--research-paper:#f8f9f9;--research-line:#d6dde2;background:var(--research-paper)!important;color:var(--research-ink)!important;font-family:Raleway,Arial,sans-serif;margin:0}
.research-site *{box-sizing:border-box}.research-site [hidden]{display:none!important}.research-site a{color:inherit}.research-site button,.research-site input{font:inherit}.research-site button{cursor:pointer}.research-site :focus-visible{outline:2px solid #0c2340;outline-offset:5px}.research-site h1,.research-site h2,.research-site h3{font-family:'Raleway',Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;letter-spacing:-.035em;color:var(--research-ink);line-height:1.15}.research-site a{text-decoration:none}html:root body.research-site .site-header{background:rgba(248,249,249,.97)!important}html:root body.research-site .site-footer{background:var(--research-paper)!important;border-top:1px solid var(--research-line)!important;margin-top:100px}.research-site .site-footer__curves{display:none}
.research-skip{position:fixed;left:20px;top:-80px;z-index:999;padding:15px;background:#fff}.research-skip:focus{top:10px}.sr-only{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);white-space:nowrap;border:0}
.research-wrap{max-width:1320px;margin:auto;padding:58px 52px 0}.research-intro{display:flex;align-items:flex-end;justify-content:space-between;padding-bottom:38px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--research-line);gap:32px}.research-intro h1{font-size:clamp(40px,4.6vw,66px);margin:0}.research-intro p{font-size:17px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--research-muted);margin:0;text-align:right}
.research-label{font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;font-weight:600;color:var(--research-muted);margin:0 0 20px}.research-feature{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1.05fr;align-items:center;gap:56px;padding:40px 0 54px}.research-feature h2{font-size:clamp(32px,3.4vw,49px);margin:0 0 24px}.research-feature__copy>p{font-size:16px;line-height:1.7;color:var(--research-muted);max-width:42ch;margin:0 0 28px}.research-text-link{font-size:13px;font-weight:600;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:18px;border-bottom:1px solid currentColor;padding:0 0 7px;line-height:1.5}.research-text-link span{font-size:20px;font-weight:400}.research-feature__image .research-art{aspect-ratio:1.45}.research-art{position:relative;overflow:hidden;aspect-ratio:1.65;background:#0c2340}.research-art>img{display:block;width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;transition:transform .45s ease}.research-art__mark{position:absolute;left:16px;top:16px;display:flex;width:35px;height:38px;color:#fff;filter:drop-shadow(0 1px 4px rgba(3,16,31,.5))}.research-art__mark svg{width:100%;height:100%}.research-feature__image .research-art__mark{width:42px;height:44px;top:22px;left:22px}
.research-section-heading{display:flex;align-items:flex-end;justify-content:space-between;gap:30px;margin-bottom:28px}.research-section-heading h2{font-size:31px;margin:0 0 9px}.research-section-heading p{font-size:14px;color:var(--research-muted);line-height:1.6;margin:0}.research-course{padding:38px 0 48px;border-top:1px solid var(--research-line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--research-line)}.research-course ol{padding:0;margin:0;list-style:none;display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(5,minmax(0,1fr));gap:20px}.research-course .research-art{aspect-ratio:4/4.5}.research-course .research-art__mark{width:25px;height:27px;left:12px;top:12px}.research-course__number{display:block;font-size:11px;color:var(--research-muted);letter-spacing:.05em;margin-top:19px}.research-course h3{font-size:20px;line-height:1.22;margin:9px 0 13px;letter-spacing:-.025em;min-height:49px}.research-course__time{font-size:12px;color:var(--research-muted)}
.research-library{padding-top:55px;scroll-margin-top:105px}.research-search{height:43px;border:1px solid #a9b6c1;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;width:285px;flex-shrink:0;padding:0 13px;background:transparent}.research-search svg{width:17px;height:17px;flex:none;stroke-width:1.5}.research-search input{width:100%;font-size:13px;color:var(--research-ink);border:0;outline:none;background:none;min-width:0}.research-search:focus-within{outline:2px solid #0c2340;outline-offset:3px}.research-search input:focus-visible{outline:0}.research-search input::placeholder{color:#637383}.research-filters{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:6px;padding-bottom:20px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--research-line)}.research-filters button{font-size:12px;font-weight:500;border:0;background:transparent;padding:10px 14px;min-height:40px;color:var(--research-muted);border-radius:2px}.research-filters button[aria-pressed=true]{background:#0c2340;color:#fff}.research-filters button:hover:not([aria-pressed=true]){background:#e9eef2;color:#0c2340}.research-results{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:24px;font-size:11px;color:#647383;margin:18px 0 24px}.research-results p{margin:0}.research-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));column-gap:30px;row-gap:43px}.research-card{min-width:0;position:relative;padding-bottom:24px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--research-line)}.research-card__image{display:block;margin-bottom:19px}.research-card__meta{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:10px;font-size:11px;color:var(--research-muted);line-height:1.4}.research-card h3{font-size:24px;margin:12px 0 13px;line-height:1.2}.research-card h3 a:hover{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:4px;text-decoration-thickness:1px}.research-card>p{font-size:13px;line-height:1.65;color:var(--research-muted);margin:0 0 18px;display:-webkit-box;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-line-clamp:3;overflow:hidden}.research-card__origin{font-size:11px;color:#637383}.research-more{text-align:center;margin-top:42px}.research-more button,.research-empty button{border:1px solid #0c2340;background:transparent;color:#0c2340;padding:14px 30px;font-size:13px}.research-more button:hover,.research-empty button:hover{background:#0c2340;color:#fff}.research-empty{text-align:center;padding:60px 20px;color:var(--research-muted)}.research-empty h3{font-size:28px}.research-empty p{font-size:14px;margin-bottom:24px}
.research-article{max-width:1240px;margin:auto;padding:48px 52px 0}.research-back{font-size:12px;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:40px;color:var(--research-muted)!important}.research-back:hover{text-decoration:underline}.research-article__header{max-width:920px;margin:auto;text-align:center}.research-article__header h1{font-size:clamp(37px,4.1vw,59px);line-height:1.1;letter-spacing:-.045em;margin:15px 0 23px}.research-article__header .research-label{margin:0}.research-deck{font-size:18px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--research-muted);max-width:64ch;margin:0 auto 25px}.research-byline{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:20px;font-size:12px;color:var(--research-muted);padding-bottom:33px}.research-byline a{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:4px}.research-article__cover{max-width:920px;margin:0 auto 44px}.research-article__cover .research-art{aspect-ratio:1.5}.research-article__cover .research-art__mark{width:44px;height:47px;left:25px;top:25px}.research-reading{position:relative;max-width:1020px;margin:0 auto}.research-reading__main{max-width:680px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:60px}.research-toc{position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:208px;padding-right:24px;font-size:12px;color:var(--research-muted)}.research-toc>p{margin:0 0 18px;font-size:12px;font-weight:700;color:var(--research-ink)}.research-toc ol{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}.research-toc li{padding:0 0 12px;line-height:1.5}.research-toc a:hover{color:var(--research-ink);text-decoration:underline}.research-source-note{font-size:12px;line-height:1.7;color:var(--research-muted);padding:16px 20px;background:#eaf0f4;border-left:2px solid #9fb8cc;margin:0 0 28px}
.research-prose{font-size:17px;line-height:1.85;color:#21394f;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.research-prose p{margin:0 0 24px}.research-prose h2{font-size:29px;line-height:1.25;margin:44px 0 19px;letter-spacing:-.025em}.research-prose h3{font-size:23px;line-height:1.3;margin:32px 0 15px}.research-prose h4{font-size:19px;margin:28px 0 14px;color:var(--research-ink)}.research-prose a{color:#0c3b61;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px;text-decoration-color:#8ba0b1}.research-prose a:hover{text-decoration-color:currentColor}.research-prose strong,.research-prose b{font-weight:700}.research-prose ul,.research-prose ol{padding-left:25px;margin:0 0 27px}.research-prose li{padding-left:4px;margin-bottom:10px}.research-prose blockquote{border-left:2px solid #a8bece;margin:28px 0;padding:10px 0 10px 26px;color:#455c70}.research-prose blockquote p:last-child{margin:0}.research-prose img{display:block;max-width:100%!important;width:auto;height:auto!important;margin:auto}.research-prose figure,.research-prose .captioned-image-container{margin:30px 0;max-width:100%}.research-prose figcaption{font-size:12px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--research-muted);text-align:center;margin-top:12px}.research-prose table{display:block;overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:14px;line-height:1.6;margin:26px 0}.research-prose td,.research-prose th{border-bottom:1px solid #cdd7df;padding:13px 16px;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;min-width:125px}.research-prose th{font-weight:700;background:#eaf0f4}.research-prose hr{border:0;border-top:1px solid var(--research-line);margin:32px 0}.research-prose pre{white-space:pre-wrap;overflow-wrap:anywhere;font-size:14px;line-height:1.6;padding:20px;background:#eaf0f4}.research-prose iframe{max-width:100%;border:0}.research-prose .image-link-expand,.research-prose .image-link .icon-container{display:none}.research-prose .button-wrapper{margin:24px 0}.research-prose .button-wrapper a{display:inline-block;border:1px solid #a8bece;padding:10px 18px;text-decoration:none}.research-prose .digest-post-embed{border:1px solid var(--research-line);padding:20px;margin:25px 0}.research-prose .digest-post-embed img{max-height:200px;object-fit:contain}.research-anchor{display:block;position:relative;top:-110px;visibility:hidden}.research-audio{background:#eaf0f4;padding:20px;margin:0 0 30px}.research-audio p{font-size:13px;margin:0 0 14px}.research-audio audio{width:100%}.research-media-link{font-size:14px;margin-bottom:30px}.research-media-link a{text-decoration:underline}
.research-lesson-nav{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(5,1fr);max-width:920px;margin:0 auto 44px;border-top:1px solid var(--research-line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--research-line)}.research-lesson-nav a{font-size:11px;line-height:1.5;padding:15px 13px;color:var(--research-muted);border-bottom:2px solid transparent}.research-lesson-nav span{display:block;margin-bottom:6px}.research-lesson-nav [aria-current=page]{border-bottom-color:#0c2340;background:#eaf0f4;color:#0c2340}.research-next{display:block;margin-top:42px;padding:25px;background:#e5edf3;border:1px solid #c9d6e0}.research-next>span{display:block;font-size:12px;color:var(--research-muted);margin-bottom:10px}.research-next strong{font-family:'Raleway',sans-serif;font-weight:500;font-size:23px;line-height:1.3;display:block}.research-end{border-top:1px solid var(--research-line);margin-top:50px;padding-top:26px}.research-end p{font-size:24px;font-family:'Raleway',sans-serif;margin:0 0 14px}.research-end a{font-size:13px;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:4px}
@media(hover:hover){.research-course a:hover img,.research-card__image:hover img{transform:scale(1.035)}}
@media(min-width:1440px){.research-wrap{max-width:1410px;padding-left:65px;padding-right:65px}.research-feature{gap:80px}.research-feature h2{font-size:53px}.research-grid{column-gap:34px}}
@media(max-width:1100px){.research-wrap{padding-left:32px;padding-right:32px}.research-feature{gap:30px}.research-course ol{gap:14px}.research-course h3{font-size:18px}.research-grid{gap:32px 22px}.research-card h3{font-size:21px}.research-article{padding-left:32px;padding-right:32px}.research-toc{display:none}.research-reading__main{margin:0 auto}.research-article__cover{max-width:820px}}
@media(max-width:760px){.research-wrap{padding:28px 22px 0}.research-intro{gap:20px;padding-bottom:25px;align-items:flex-start;flex-direction:column}.research-intro h1{font-size:39px}.research-intro p{text-align:left;font-size:14px}.research-intro p br{display:none}.research-feature{grid-template-columns:1fr;padding:28px 0 35px;gap:26px}.research-feature h2{font-size:37px;line-height:1.1;margin-bottom:18px}.research-feature__copy>p{font-size:14px;max-width:52ch;margin-bottom:20px}.research-feature__copy .research-label{margin-bottom:15px}.research-feature__image .research-art{aspect-ratio:1.6}.research-section-heading{align-items:flex-start;gap:20px}.research-section-heading h2{font-size:29px}.research-section-heading p{font-size:13px}.research-section-heading>.research-text-link{font-size:11px;flex:none;gap:7px;margin-top:7px}.research-course{padding:30px 0}.research-course ol{display:flex;overflow-x:auto;gap:16px;padding-bottom:16px;scroll-snap-type:x mandatory}.research-course li{width:172px;min-width:172px;scroll-snap-align:start}.research-course .research-art{aspect-ratio:4/4.2}.research-course h3{font-size:20px}.research-course__number{margin-top:15px}.research-library{padding-top:36px}.research-library>.research-section-heading{flex-direction:column}.research-search{width:100%;height:46px}.research-filters{gap:4px;flex-wrap:nowrap;overflow-x:auto;padding-bottom:14px}.research-filters button{white-space:nowrap;padding:10px 13px;flex:none;font-size:12px}.research-results{margin:16px 0 22px}.research-results>span{display:none}.research-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:30px 18px}.research-card h3{font-size:21px}.research-card__meta{font-size:10px;align-items:flex-start;flex-direction:column;gap:4px}.research-card>p{font-size:12px}.research-card .research-art{aspect-ratio:1.25}.research-card .research-art__mark{width:25px;height:28px;left:10px;top:10px}.research-card__origin{font-size:10px}html:root body.research-site .site-footer{margin-top:65px}.research-article{padding:28px 22px 0}.research-back{margin-bottom:30px}.research-article__header{text-align:left}.research-article__header h1{font-size:38px;line-height:1.12;margin-top:15px}.research-deck{font-size:16px}.research-byline{justify-content:flex-start;gap:12px 18px;font-size:11px;padding-bottom:27px}.research-article__cover{margin-bottom:30px}.research-article__cover .research-art{aspect-ratio:1.5}.research-prose{font-size:16px;line-height:1.85}.research-prose h2{font-size:26px;margin-top:35px}.research-prose h3{font-size:21px}.research-lesson-nav{display:flex;overflow-x:auto;margin-bottom:30px}.research-lesson-nav a{min-width:145px}.research-source-note{font-size:11px;padding:14px 16px}.research-next strong{font-size:21px}}
@media(max-width:420px){.research-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.research-card{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 105px;gap:0 16px;padding-bottom:23px}.research-card__image{grid-column:2;grid-row:1/5;align-self:start;margin:0}.research-card .research-art{aspect-ratio:.85}.research-card__meta{grid-column:1;display:block}.research-card__meta span+span{margin-left:10px}.research-card h3{grid-column:1;font-size:22px;margin:10px 0}.research-card>p{grid-column:1;font-size:12px;-webkit-line-clamp:2;margin-bottom:12px}.research-card__origin{grid-column:1}.research-card .research-art__mark{width:20px;height:22px;left:9px;top:9px}.research-section-heading>.research-text-link{max-width:100px;align-self:flex-start;gap:6px}.research-course .research-section-heading p{max-width:24ch}.research-article__header h1{font-size:34px}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.research-site *{scroll-behavior:auto!important;transition:none!important}}

.research-prose form.subscription-widget-subscribe{display:none}

.research-prose .image2-inset{display:block;max-width:100%}.research-prose .latex-rendered{overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%;margin:24px 0}.research-prose .katex-display{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden;padding:8px 0}.research-prose .katex{font-size:1.08em}

.research-editorial-note{margin:36px 0;padding:24px 26px;background:#e6eef4;border-left:3px solid #6f96b5;font-size:14px;line-height:1.8;color:#28435a}.research-editorial-note h2{font-size:19px;line-height:1.35;margin:0 0 14px;letter-spacing:-.02em}.research-editorial-note p{margin:0}.research-editorial-note a,.research-source-note a{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px}

/* Display serif is deliberately limited to the page title and section headings. */
.research-site .research-intro h1,.research-site .research-article__header h1,.research-site .research-section-heading h2{font-family:'Instrument Serif',Georgia,serif;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:-.025em}
.research-site .research-intro h1{font-size:clamp(46px,5.4vw,76px)}
.research-site .research-article__header h1{font-size:clamp(40px,4.7vw,66px)}
.research-site .research-section-heading h2{font-size:36px}
.research-site .research-card h3{font-weight:600;font-size:22px;letter-spacing:-.025em;line-height:1.3}
.research-site .research-course h3{font-weight:600;font-size:18px;letter-spacing:-.02em;line-height:1.35}
.research-site .research-prose h2,.research-site .research-prose h3{font-weight:600;letter-spacing:-.025em}
.research-site .research-course{border-top:0;padding-top:34px}
.research-site .research-course .research-art{aspect-ratio:1.35}
.research-site .research-intro p{max-width:32ch;font-size:15px}
.research-site .research-source-note{background:transparent;border-left:0;border-top:1px solid var(--research-line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--research-line);padding:15px 0}
.research-site .research-next{background:transparent;border:0;padding:0;margin-top:32px}
.research-site .research-next strong{font-family:'Raleway',Arial,sans-serif;font-size:20px;font-weight:600}
.research-site .research-next>span{font-size:15px;line-height:1.7;margin:10px 0 0;max-width:62ch}
.research-site .research-end{margin-top:32px}
@media(max-width:760px){.research-site .research-intro h1{font-size:46px}.research-site .research-article__header h1{font-size:42px}.research-site .research-section-heading h2{font-size:32px}.research-site .research-intro p{max-width:none}.research-site .research-course .research-art{aspect-ratio:1.2}.research-site .research-card h3{font-size:20px}}
@media(max-width:420px){.research-site .research-article__header h1{font-size:38px}}

.research-prose dl{margin:24px 0}.research-prose dt{font-weight:600;color:var(--research-ink);margin-top:24px}.research-prose dd{margin:6px 0 20px}

/* Preserve every illustration in cards, course lessons, and article covers. */
.research-site .research-course .research-art,.research-site .research-card .research-art{aspect-ratio:3/2}

/* Learn: one featured article, a five-part course, then a quiet reading list. */
.research-wrap{padding-top:34px}
.research-wrap .research-intro{display:block;border:0;padding:0}
.research-wrap .research-intro h1{font-size:38px;line-height:1.1}
.research-wrap .research-feature{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,1fr);gap:64px;padding:32px 0 52px}
.research-wrap .research-feature h2{font-family:'Instrument Serif',Georgia,serif;font-size:clamp(42px,4.8vw,64px);font-weight:400;letter-spacing:-.025em;line-height:1.08;margin:0 0 22px}
.research-wrap .research-feature h2 a:hover{text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:1px;text-underline-offset:6px}
.research-wrap .research-feature__copy>p{max-width:none;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7;margin:0 0 26px}
.research-wrap .research-feature__image{display:block;min-width:0}
.research-wrap .research-feature__image .research-art{aspect-ratio:3/2}
.research-wrap .research-text-link{border:0;padding:0;font-size:13px;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:5px;text-decoration-thickness:1px}
.research-wrap .research-course{padding:32px 0 38px;border-top:1px solid var(--research-line);border-bottom:0}
.research-wrap .research-section-heading{align-items:center;margin-bottom:24px}
.research-wrap .research-section-heading h2{margin:0;font-size:32px}
.research-wrap .research-course ol{gap:20px;scrollbar-width:none}
.research-wrap .research-course ol::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none}
.research-wrap .research-course h3{font-size:17px;line-height:1.4;min-height:0;margin:8px 0 0}
.research-wrap .research-course__number{margin-top:14px;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:0}
.research-wrap .research-library{padding-top:40px}
.research-wrap .research-search{width:260px;border:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a9b6c1;padding:0 0 0 3px;height:38px}
.research-wrap .research-filters{gap:22px;padding-bottom:0}
.research-wrap .research-filters button{border-radius:0;border-bottom:2px solid transparent;padding:12px 0;min-height:44px;font-size:12px}
.research-wrap .research-filters button[aria-pressed=true]{background:transparent;color:var(--research-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--research-ink)}
.research-wrap .research-filters button:hover:not([aria-pressed=true]){background:transparent;color:var(--research-ink)}
.research-wrap .research-results{margin:18px 0 8px}
.research-wrap .research-grid{display:block}
.research-wrap .research-card{display:grid;grid-template-columns:132px minmax(0,1fr) 190px;grid-template-rows:auto auto;gap:10px 32px;padding:28px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--research-line);align-items:start}
.research-wrap .research-card__meta{grid-column:1;grid-row:1/3;font-size:12px;line-height:1.6;display:block;padding-top:3px}
.research-wrap .research-card__image{grid-column:3;grid-row:1/3;margin:0;align-self:start}
.research-wrap .research-card .research-art{aspect-ratio:3/2}
.research-wrap .research-card .research-art__mark{width:24px;height:26px;top:12px;left:12px}
.research-wrap .research-card h3{grid-column:2;grid-row:1;font-size:25px;font-weight:500;line-height:1.3;letter-spacing:-.025em;margin:0;align-self:end}
.research-wrap .research-card>p{grid-column:2;grid-row:2;font-size:14px;line-height:1.6;margin:0;max-width:65ch;-webkit-line-clamp:2;align-self:start}
@media(max-width:1000px){
 .research-wrap .research-feature{gap:36px}
 .research-wrap .research-card{grid-template-columns:105px minmax(0,1fr) 160px;column-gap:24px}
 .research-wrap .research-card h3{font-size:22px}
 .research-wrap .research-filters{gap:18px}
}
@media(max-width:760px){
 .research-wrap{padding-top:26px}
 .research-wrap .research-intro h1{font-size:32px}
 .research-wrap .research-feature{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:26px;padding:26px 0 32px}
 .research-wrap .research-feature h2{font-size:44px;margin-bottom:16px}
 .research-wrap .research-feature__copy>p{font-size:14px;margin-bottom:18px;max-width:none}
 .research-wrap .research-feature__image .research-art{aspect-ratio:3/2}
 .research-wrap .research-course{padding:28px 0}
 .research-wrap .research-section-heading h2{font-size:30px}
 .research-wrap .research-course ol{gap:16px;padding-bottom:8px}
 .research-wrap .research-course li{width:172px;min-width:172px}
 .research-wrap .research-course h3{font-size:16px}
 .research-wrap .research-library{padding-top:30px}
 .research-wrap .research-library>.research-section-heading{align-items:flex-start;gap:16px}
 .research-wrap .research-search{width:100%;height:42px}
 .research-wrap .research-filters{gap:20px;padding-bottom:0}
 .research-wrap .research-results{margin:16px 0 2px}
 .research-wrap .research-card{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 120px;grid-template-rows:auto auto auto;gap:8px 20px;padding:24px 0}
 .research-wrap .research-card__meta{grid-column:1;grid-row:1;font-size:11px;padding:0}
 .research-wrap .research-card__image{grid-column:2;grid-row:1/4;margin:0}
 .research-wrap .research-card .research-art__mark{width:19px;height:21px;left:9px;top:9px}
 .research-wrap .research-card h3{grid-column:1;grid-row:2;font-size:20px;line-height:1.35;align-self:start;margin:0}
 .research-wrap .research-card>p{grid-column:1;grid-row:3;font-size:12px;line-height:1.65;margin:0}
}
@media(max-width:420px){
 .research-wrap .research-card{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 104px;column-gap:16px}
 .research-wrap .research-feature h2{font-size:40px}
}

/* Article openings contain only the title and subtitle. Source credits sit at the end. */
.research-site .research-article__header{padding-bottom:30px}
.research-site .research-article__header h1{margin-top:0}
.research-site .research-article__header .research-deck{width:100%;max-width:none;margin-bottom:0}
.research-site .research-end .research-byline{justify-content:flex-start;padding:0;margin-bottom:18px;gap:16px}
@media(max-width:760px){.research-site .research-article__header{padding-bottom:26px}.research-site .research-article__cover .research-art__mark,.research-wrap .research-feature__image .research-art__mark{width:30px;height:32px;left:16px;top:16px}}

/* Library: source at left, topic above title, and two controls on one line. */
.research-wrap .research-feature{padding-top:12px}
.research-wrap .research-library-controls{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:32px;padding-bottom:12px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--research-line)}


.research-wrap .research-search{border:0;width:270px;height:42px;min-width:0}
.research-wrap .research-card{grid-template-columns:110px minmax(0,1fr) 190px;grid-template-rows:auto;column-gap:32px}
.research-wrap .research-card__source{grid-column:1;grid-row:1;display:block;font-size:12px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--research-muted);padding-top:2px;margin:0}
.research-wrap .research-card__copy{grid-column:2;grid-row:1;min-width:0}
.research-wrap .research-card__topic{display:block;font-size:11px;font-weight:500;line-height:1.5;color:var(--research-muted);margin:0 0 8px}
.research-wrap .research-card h3{margin:0 0 9px;font-size:24px;line-height:1.3}
.research-wrap .research-card__copy>p{font-size:14px;line-height:1.65;color:var(--research-muted);margin:0;max-width:65ch;display:-webkit-box;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-line-clamp:2;overflow:hidden}
.research-wrap .research-card__image{grid-column:3;grid-row:1}
.logbook-index-section ol{padding-left:23px}
.logbook-index-section li{margin-bottom:13px}
@media(max-width:1000px){.research-wrap .research-card{grid-template-columns:85px minmax(0,1fr) 160px;column-gap:24px}.research-wrap .research-card h3{font-size:22px}}
@media(max-width:760px){
 .research-wrap .research-feature{padding-top:8px}
 .research-wrap .research-library-controls{gap:18px;padding-bottom:8px}


 .research-wrap .research-search{width:auto;flex:1;font-size:12px}
 .research-wrap .research-search input{font-size:12px}
 .research-wrap .research-card{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 120px;grid-template-rows:auto auto;gap:9px 20px;padding:24px 0}
 .research-wrap .research-card__source{grid-column:1;grid-row:1;font-size:11px;padding:0}
 .research-wrap .research-card__copy{grid-column:1;grid-row:2}
 .research-wrap .research-card__image{grid-column:2;grid-row:1/3}
 .research-wrap .research-card__topic{font-size:10px;margin-bottom:7px}
 .research-wrap .research-card h3{font-size:20px;margin:0 0 8px}
 .research-wrap .research-card__copy>p{font-size:12px;line-height:1.65}
}
@media(max-width:420px){.research-wrap .research-card{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 104px;column-gap:16px}.research-wrap .research-library-controls{gap:12px}}

@media(max-width:1100px){.research-directory .research-toc{display:block;position:static;width:auto;padding:0 0 24px;margin:0 auto 28px;max-width:680px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--research-line)}.research-directory .research-toc ol{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:12px 24px}.research-directory .research-toc li{padding:0}.research-directory .research-toc>p{margin-bottom:15px}}

/* Short topic buttons replace the native picker on every device. */
.research-wrap .research-library-controls{align-items:center;gap:24px;padding-bottom:0}
.research-wrap .research-topics{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:20px;flex:0 1 auto;min-width:0;max-width:calc(100% - 204px);overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden;white-space:nowrap;scrollbar-width:thin;scrollbar-color:#c3cdd5 transparent;overscroll-behavior-x:contain}
.research-wrap .research-topics button{flex:none;min-height:46px;padding:12px 0;border:0;border-bottom:2px solid transparent;border-radius:0;background:transparent;font:500 12px/1.5 Raleway,Arial,sans-serif;color:var(--research-muted)}
.research-wrap .research-topics button[aria-pressed=true]{border-bottom-color:var(--research-ink);color:var(--research-ink)}
.research-wrap .research-topics button:hover{color:var(--research-ink)}
.research-wrap .research-topics button:focus-visible{outline-offset:-2px}
.research-wrap .research-library-controls .research-search{flex:1 0 180px;width:auto;min-width:180px;height:46px}
@media(max-width:1100px){.research-wrap .research-topics{gap:18px}.research-wrap .research-library-controls{gap:20px}.research-wrap .research-library-controls .research-search{flex-basis:180px;width:auto}}
@media(max-width:760px){
 .research-wrap .research-library-controls{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:stretch;gap:8px}
 .research-wrap .research-library-controls .research-search{order:-1;flex:none;width:100%;min-width:0;height:44px}
 .research-wrap .research-library-controls .research-search input{font-size:16px}
 .research-wrap .research-topics{flex:none;width:100%;max-width:none;gap:22px}
 .research-wrap .research-topics button{min-height:44px;padding:11px 0;font-size:12px}
}

/* Small exercises keep the course usable without a script or account. */
.research-practice{margin:34px 0;padding:24px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--research-line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--research-line)}.research-practice>p{margin-bottom:14px}.research-practice summary{font-size:14px;font-weight:600;cursor:pointer;color:var(--research-ink);width:fit-content;text-underline-offset:4px}.research-practice summary:hover{text-decoration:underline}.research-practice details[open] summary{margin-bottom:16px}.research-practice details p{font-size:15px;margin-bottom:0}